This thesis was submitted to SOAS in 2021 – by Ayesha Shingruf
Abstract
The onset of extreme weather events is creating drastic challenges for people around the world. Studies have shown strong links of climate change with the displacement of people, suggesting that the world will experience unprecedented levels of climate refugees. Because of the increase in the severity and frequency of intense weather conditions, refugee movements will be seen both internally and across international borders. This poses a serious question within international and domestic laws for their ability to offer protection to those displaced by climate change. By offering a case study of South Asia – a region containing some of the world’s most vulnerable countries to climate variability – this paper examines regional laws and policies as well as specific international principles as they relate to refugees. In particular, this research looks at the potential of the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM) for Loss and Damage to arrive at possible pathways to safeguard rights for climate refugees. Using a human rights based-approach, this paper maintains that the principle of loss and damage will create channels for legal protection to those fleeing their homes due to the harsh changes in their environment.
What inspired you to write and research this piece?
I was born and raised in Lahore, Pakistan. For years, urban cities in Pakistan have consistently ranked as being the most polluted in the world, and some regions have experienced intense flooding and heatwaves. Similar patterns can be seen in India and Bangladesh as well. South Asia is collectively suffering the consequences of this global crisis on its agriculture, economy, human health, and livelihoods as we speak. There is a sense then, of people wanting to move to a different place to live a healthier and safer life. Those who pay attention to this crisis know that migratory movements caused by climate change are already occurring. Unfortunately, such movements will only increase in severity owing to the rise in temperatures coupled with regional conflicts. I wanted to address the fact that there is an absence of legal tools that can offer protection to climate refugees, and explore different frameworks that would help in safeguarding their human rights.
What impact do you hope this research will have?
There is minimal literature and discourse on climate refugees within the context of South Asia. This is alarming because the region is one of the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. My only hope is that this drives significant conversation so that attention is paid to this looming threat. This is a collective fight, and a lot of research needs to be carried out to arrive at efficient policies for climate refugees. I look forward to students and academics exploring more pathways that can legally aid climate refugees in the future.
Ayesha Shingruf is a research fellow in climate change education and sustainability at Nottingham Trent University. She is interested in exploring the interplay of climate change, migration, and conflict. Ayesha completed her postgraduate degree in human rights law from SOAS, University of London. In her free time, Ayesha enjoys yoga, surfing, trying new foods, and reading a lot of poetry.
No edits have been made to maintain the author’s tone of voice.
